 | Edition #1116 September 15 |
| From The GIST Team |
Happy Sunday!
Welcome to The GIST's Sunday Scroll, where we dive deep into one timely sports topic.
With school back in session, today we're celebrating Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) across the U.S., detailing the history and culture of these institutions and their impact on the sports world. Let's stroll scroll.
| Quote of The Day |
 | You all made me proud and you made history for Grambling. And as a proud HBCU graduate, I just had to let you all know that you've got fans all over the place, including in the White House. |
 | — U.S. presidential candidate and current vice president Kamala Harris, congratulating the Grambling State men's basketball team on the school's first-ever March Madness win, an 88–81 dub over Montana State earlier this year.
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| The Scroll |
📚 The history
While a few Black universities were founded prior to the Civil War, the years following the abolishment of slavery saw an HBCU boom during which many of today's institutions were founded.
- However, many of these schools had white founders with deeply problematic beliefs about the intelligence and capabilities of Black individuals. Despite this, Black students who could not attend other Southern institutions due to segregation continued to enroll.
Today, there are over 100 HBCUs that educate about 10% of all Black American college students while accounting for only 3% of the nation's colleges and universities. And in a climate where U.S. undergraduate enrollment is down nearly 10%, HBCU applications rose almost 30% from 2018 to 2021.
- HBCUs today are primarily run and operated by members of the Black community and have recently seen an increase in financing and attention.
- Making education affordable, accessible, and safe for young Black students has allowed HBCU athletes to write richer history on and off the field.
🏈 The sports
While most Northern schools were technically desegregated by the early 1900s, many Black students — and student-athletes — still preferred HBCUs and the safety from racial harassment they provided.
- In the late 1800s, students at Black colleges began organizing sports teams in response to segregation in collegiate athletics. By 1912, the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA) was formed to regulate competitions between the schools.
HBCUs primarily competed in football, basketball, and baseball and were known for their excellence in sports, particularly on the gridiron. For example, the Florida A&M Rattlers tallied a 204-36-4 (!!!) record between 1945 and 1969.
- Due to an unofficial ban on Black players in the NFL that lasted until 1946, it wasn't until Grambling State fullback and linebacker Tank Younger broke into the league with the LA Rams in 1949 that an HBCU player stepped on the pro field.
Some college athletic departments refused to integrate until well into the 1970s — the SEC didn't even begin the process until 1967. For many, it was the desire to win, rather than ethics, that finally spurred change.
- Predominantly white institutions began to heavily recruit Black athletes and these wealthier white schools (with better facilities and more media coverage) soon created a recruiting gap that still exists today.
- Black students accounted for a small percentage of the total population at NCAA DI schools, but as of the 2022–2023 season, Black athletes comprised 48% of D1 football players, 54% of men's basketball players, and 42% of women's basketball players.
Despite the aforementioned financial barriers and recruiting challenges, HBCUs continue to grab national (and international!) attention: Six HBCU grads competed at this summer's Paris Olympics and Paralympics, highlighted by Howard's Sydney Satchell winning gold in sitting volleyball.
💪🏾 Notable alums
Long before Title IX was passed in 1972, HBCUs were championing women athletes, who, unsurprisingly, left indelible marks on the sporting world.
- After graduating from Florida A&M in 1953, Althea Gibson helped break the tennis color barrier, and, in 1956, became the first Black athlete, male or female, to win a Grand Slam. She ultimately won 56 career titles, 11 of them at Grand Slams. The original GOAT.
- On the track, Tennessee State sprinter Wilma Rudolph raced to three gold medals at the 1960 Olympics, making her the first U.S. woman to nab three golds in a single Games.
- Cheyney's Yolanda Laney led her basketball team to the first-ever NCAA championship game in 1982, and the Wolves are still the only HBCU to contend for a title. Because the WNBA didn't yet exist, the All-American guard played pro in Europe, but her daughter, Betnijah Laney-Hamilton, currently hoops for the W's NY Liberty. Path? Paved.
Some of the NFL's biggest names came out of HBCU programs, including renaissance man Michael Strahan as well as wide receiver Bob Hayes, who competed in both football and track during his time at FAMU before winning gold in the 100m sprint at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, the same year he was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys. No biggie.
- Mississippi Valley State alum Jerry Rice is well-known for his success as a wide receiver with the San Francisco 49ers, leading the squad to three Super Bowl championships in the late '80s and '90s.
- Grambling State alum Doug Williams made history in 1988 with the NFL's Washington Commanders when he became the first Black quarterback to win the Super Bowl and be named Super Bowl MVP.
- The Chicago Bears' Walter Payton spent his college years at Jackson State before breaking records as an NFL running back in the '70s and '80s. And Alcorn State alum Steve McNair set an FCS record in passing yards before playing for the Tennessee Titans in Super Bowl XXXIV.
✨ The culture
HBCU marching bands are second to none. While early U.S. collegiate bands were military-inspired, HBCU bands began to add choreographed dances with upbeat moves in the 1940s and have only raised the stakes since.
- The best of the best compete at the annual National Battle of the Bands.
Most U.S. schools have a homecoming weekend, but HBCUs have an entire week. Even Queen Bey paid homage to HBCU homecoming culture in her 2019 documentary and her epic Beychella performance.
- Usually culminating with a major rivalry football game, alumni return to campus for social and philanthropic events throughout homecoming week.
Like many U.S. universities, Greek life is also an integral part of HBCU campus life. But the "Divine Nine" (Black Greek Letter Organizations) have their own distinct style, most notably on display during step and stroll shows.
- The choreographed routines put TikTokers to shame and often include signals, calls, whistles, and moves that are unique to each organization. The hype is real.
➡️ The present and the future
HBCUs have molded some of the most prominent Black thinkers and leaders in U.S. history, including U.S. presidential candidate and current vice president Kamala Harris as well as Martin Luther King Jr., Oprah Winfrey, Thurgood Marshall, and Stacey Abrams.
- And they did so with a fraction of the funding many PWIs benefit from. For example, from 2003 to 2015, funding of private HBCUs decreased by 42%, a blow to the already historically underfunded institutions.
In response to this, the Biden administration delivered over $16B to HBCUs, and private philanthropists have also stepped up to the tune of billions of dollars. There's still a long way to go to achieve equity, but it's a start.
- HBCU institutions, students, and the brands that love them are also demanding more.
- Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, launched the first HBCU women's gymnastics program two years ago while Talladega College in Alabama followed last season, becoming the first HBCU program to win an NCAA–sanctioned meet.
- Unfortunately, despite Talladega College's excellence on the mat, the program was cut in July because of a lack of funding. Devastating.
Still, all of these moves, whether they stick or not, are investments in the future of HBCUs and the students they serve. These institutions are massively important for providing safe spaces for students to learn and play, while continuing to grow their rich culture and traditions. We'll step to that.
| The GIST's Picks |
Here's what has GIST HQ buzzing:
🎺 What to catch up on
All the HBCU Marching Band renditions of Kendrick Lamar's "Not Like Us." The rapper knows who to call if he needs an accompaniment for the Super Bowl LIX halftime show.
💻 Where to learn more
HBCUsports.com, a site dedicated to covering the HBCU sports landscape. Check 'em out.
👕 Where to shop
Collegiate Luxe. Headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland, but shipping all over North America, this line of threads is a great way to represent your fav HBCU squad on game day.
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Today's email was brought to you by Briana Ekanem and Lisa Minutillo. Editing by Rachel Fuenzalida. Fact-checking by Molly Potter. Operations by Marga Sison. Ads by Katie Kehoe Foster and Alessandra Puccio. Managing edits by Ellen Hyslop.
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