|  | (Source: Arab News) |
| Yemen has been in crisis for many years. At the center of it stands a group called the Houthis. They are also known as Ansar Allah ("Supporters of God"). The Houthis began as a small religious movement in the north of Yemen. But they have grown into one of the most powerful forces in the country. Their rise has changed Yemen's politics and affected the balance of power across the Middle East. The group's actions have drawn in nearby countries like Saudi Arabia and Iran, as well as global powers such as the U.S. | Who are the Houthis? | The Houthis come from Saada province in the north of Yemen. Most of their followers belong to the Zaidi Shia branch of Islam. For centuries, the Zaidis ruled northern Yemen. But after losing power in the 1960s, they felt left out and ignored by later governments. | In the 90s, Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi started a movement to protect Zaidi culture and resist growing Saudi influence in Yemen. The group's slogan shows its anger toward the West, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. The slogan is: "God is great, death to America, death to Israel, curse the Jews, and victory to Islam". | At first, Yemen's government fought the Houthis several times between 2004 and 2010. In 2015, they took Sanaa and forced the government to flee. As a result, the U.S. and a coalition of Arab states launched a military operation on Yemen. Ten years of strikes didn't disturb much the Houthis capacities. But it led to a major humanitarian crisis. | The Houthis still control large parts of western Yemen. They want to control the Mandab Strait to gain leverage and regional influence. Indeed, they already disturb global trade with their actions. | | | "Forget AI" Says Reagan's #1 Futurist |
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| | Regional and global impact | The war in Yemen is not only a local problem. It is also part of a larger regional struggle. Iran supports the Houthis with training, weapons, and advice. This helps Iran challenge its main rivals in the region. The Houthis are not controlled directly by Iran. But they share similar goals, especially their opposition to the U.S., Israel, and Saudi Arabia. | Saudi Arabia sees the Houthis as a serious threat. They have attacked Saudi cities and oil facilities with drones and missiles. The UAE, another regional power, has also been involved. It backed southern groups that want to break away from the rest of Yemen. | Israel and the Houthis are also fighting. Since the war on Gaza began, the Houthis have been launching hundreds of missiles and drones attack on Israel in solidarity with the Palestinians. Earlier this year, they launched ballistic missiles on Tel Aviv. Israel has carried out many rounds of air strikes in Yemen in return. The Houthis chief of staff was recently killed in one of these strikes. | The United States and other Western countries are worried too. The Houthis control areas near the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, one of the world's most important sea routes. Ships carrying oil and goods between Asia, Africa, and Europe pass through it. In recent years, Houthi attacks on ships in the Red Sea have raised global concerns. | This affects global trade. Indeed, the shipping route through the Mandab Strait and the Red Sea is fastest and cheapest. But without enough security guarantees, shipping companies must find alternate measures or routes. This in return affects delays and costs. War-zone premium insurance costs, onboard security measures and military escorts also adds to the bill. The main alternate route goes around Africa by the Cape of Good Hope. This adds more than 7000 kilometers and 10 to 15 days to the route. It therefore causes delays and impacts deliveries, but also costs. Longer routes mean more fuel and supplies for the ships. | Humanitarian crisis | The war has caused one of the worst humanitarian disasters in the world. Millions of Yemenis do not have enough food or clean water. Many have lost their homes. Both the Houthis and the Saudi-led coalition have been blamed for killing civilians and blocking aid. In areas under Houthi control, people have also reported limits on free speech and forced recruitment of young men into their army. | Aid workers targeted | Despite the crisis that reigns in the country, the Houthis target UN workers, undermining their operations. | Earlier this week, they raided a UN compound in Sanaa. Out of the 20 workers detained, 5 were freed on Monday. But it is not the first time Houthis do that. Earlier this year they raided several UN offices in Yemen. They detained 11 workers and took data storage devices. Still 50 workers are detained by the Houthis across the country. | They accuse UN workers of spying for the U.S. and Israel, displaying political bias, and failing to condemn Israel's actions. But these actions also became a Houthi response to security events. These raids happened after Israel's bombing on Houthi leadership. | Decoding geopolitics isn't a job. It's survival. | Joy |
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